Fractals for the Sustainable Design of Engineered Particulate Systems

The engineering properties of particulate materials are the collective manifestation interactions among their constituent particles and structures within which adopt spatial arrangement. For first time in literature, this paper employs an extended concept ‘fractals’ to show that constituting a certain size can be rationalized three universal fractals. Within each fractal, build repeatable, reproducible, predictable traits, exhibit stress-strain behaviors nondifferentiable, self-similar trajectories. We present experimental evidence for such repeatable traits by subjecting six different static undrained isotropic, anisotropic, cyclic isotropic stresses. This shows fractals associated with fractal structures; herein, we explore matters influence context sustainable design, ways natural systems improve product’s physical hydromechanical already well established. In review, novel is introduced inform biomimetic design systems, how biomimicry benefit preserving general behavioral offer predicated forms, thereby enhancing efficiency. To pursue ideal, processes lead should not compromise loyalty parent fractal.